Congressional opponents of the Vietnam War

This is a list of U.S. Senators and Representatives who opposed the Vietnam War. This includes those who initially supported the war, but later changed their stance to a strong opposition to it.

Name Political Party Affiliation at time of Opposition Dates in U.S. Congressional Office
Bella Abzug[1] Democratic January 3, 1971 - January 3, 1977
Les Aspin[2] Democratic January 3, 1971 - January 20, 1993
George Brown, Jr.[3] Democratic January 3, 1963 - January 3, 1971;
January 3, 1973 - July 15, 1999
Philip Burton[4] Democratic February 18, 1964 - April 10, 1983
Frank Church[5] Democratic January 3, 1957 – January 5, 1981
John Sherman Cooper[6] Republican November 6, 1946 – January 3, 1949;
November 5, 1952 – January 3, 1955;
November 7, 1956 – January 3, 1973
Ron Dellums[7] Democratic January 3, 1971 – February 6, 1998
Robert Drinan[8] Democratic January 3, 1971 – January 3, 1973;

January 3, 1973 – January 3, 1981
J. William Fulbright[9] Democratic January 3, 1945 – December 31, 1974
Albert Gore, Sr.[10] Democratic January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1971
Mike Gravel[11] Democratic January 3, 1969 – January 3, 1981
Vance Hartke[12] Democratic January 3, 1959 – January 3, 1977
Mark Hatfield[13] Republican January 3, 1967 – January 3, 1997
Jacob K. Javits[14] Republican January 3, 1947 – December 31, 1954;

January 9, 1957 – January 3, 1981
Robert F. Kennedy[15] Democratic January 3, 1965 – June 6, 1968
Ed Koch[16] Democratic January 3, 1969 – January 3, 1973;
January 3, 1973 – December 31, 1977
Allard K. Lowenstein[17] Democratic 1969–1971
Eugene McCarthy[18] Democratic-Farmer-Labor January 3, 1949 – January 3, 1959;
January 3, 1959– January 3, 1971
Pete McCloskey[19] Republican December 12, 1967 – January 3, 1983
George McGovern[20] Democratic January 3, 1957 – January 3, 1961;
January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1981
Mike Mansfield[21] Democratic January 3, 1943 – January 3, 1953;
January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1977
Charles Mathias[22] Republican January 3, 1961 – January 3, 1969;
January 3, 1969 – January 6, 1987
Patsy Mink[23] Democratic 1965–1977;
1991–2002
Wayne Morse[24] Democratic January 3, 1945 – January 3, 1969
Tip O'Neill[25] Democratic January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1963;
January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1987
William Proxmire[26] Democratic August 28, 1957 – January 3, 1989
Henry S. Reuss[27] Democratic January 3, 1955-January 3, 1983
Donald W. Riegle, Jr.[28] Republican March 3, 1966 – December 30, 1976;
December 30, 1976 – January 3, 1995
James H. Scheuer[29] Democratic January 3, 1965 until January 3, 1973;
January 3, 1975 until January 3, 1993
Eugene Siler[30] Republican 1955–1963;
1963-1965
Pete Stark[31] Democratic 1973–present
Andrew Young[32] Democratic January 3, 1973 – January 29, 1977

See also

References

  1. ^ Laura Mansnerus (1 April 1998). "Bella Abzug, 77, Congresswoman And a Founding Feminist, Is Dead". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/01/nyregion/bella-abzug-77-congresswoman-and-a-founding-feminist-is-dead.html?sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all. 
  2. ^ "Les Aspin January 21, 1993 - February 3, 1994 18th Secretary of Defense Clinton Administration". U.S. Department of Defense. http://www.defenselink.mil/specials/secdef_histories/bios/aspin.htm. 
  3. ^ Stephen Green (17 July 1999). "Liberal Representative George Brown Jr. Dies". Daily News. http://www.thefreelibrary.com/LIBERAL+REPRESENTATIVE+GEORGE+BROWN+JR.+DIES-a083617485. 
  4. ^ "13 Demos Press to End War". The Deseret News. 25 May 1971. http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=336&dat=19710525&id=OrMLAAAAIBAJ&sjid=qVUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6970,5726459. 
  5. ^ Schmitz, David F. (2003). "Congress Must Draw the Line: Senator Frank Church and Opposition to the Vietnam War and the Imperial Presidency". In Woods, Randall Bennett. Vietnam and the American political tradition. Cambridge University Press. pp. 121–148. ISBN 0521010004 
  6. ^ Albin Krebs (23 February 1991). "John Sherman Cooper Dies at 89; Long-time Senator From Kentucky". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/23/obituaries/john-sherman-cooper-dies-at-89-longtime-senator-from-kentucky.html. 
  7. ^ "Ronald V. Dellums; Representative, 1971–1998, Democrat from California". Black Americans in Congress, 1870–2007. Office of History and Preservation, Office of the Clerk, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 2008. http://baic.house.gov/member-profiles/profile.html?intID=38. Retrieved 17 April 2009. 
  8. ^ "Friends and Students Remember Jesuit Pioneer". Georgetown University. 5 February 2007. http://explore.georgetown.edu/news/?ID=22432. 
  9. ^ "J. William Fulbright". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/221757/J-William-Fulbright. Retrieved 17 April 2009. 
  10. ^ Melinda Henneberger (22 May 2000). "A Political Father Who Chose the High Road and Unpopular Stands". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/22/us/a-political-father-who-chose-the-high-road-and-unpopular-stands.html. 
  11. ^ David E. Rosenbaum (5 June 1971). "Senators Reject Limits on Draft; 2-Year Plan Gains" (fee required). The New York Times. http://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=F40F1EFB3D5A1A7493C7A9178DD85F458785F9. Retrieved 2007-12-29. 
  12. ^ Myrna Oliver (29 July 2003). "Vance Hartke, 84; Indiana Senator Opposed Johnson on Vietnam". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2003/jul/29/local/me-hartke29. 
  13. ^ "The Viet Nam Race". Time Magazine. 14 October 1966. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,840678,00.html. 
  14. ^ Mann, Robert (2002). A Grand Delusion: America's Descent into Vietnam. Basic Books. p. 554. ISBN 0465043704. http://books.google.com/?id=HoFF7Y5Z3jkC. Retrieved April 19, 2009. 
  15. ^ Thurston Clarke (June 2008). "The Last Good Campaign". Vanity Fair. http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/features/2008/06/rfk_excerpt200806. 
  16. ^ "Ed Koch's Legacy". Gotham Gazette. 14 November 2005. http://www.gothamgazette.com/article//20051114/202/1652. Retrieved 19 April 2009. 
  17. ^ Olson, James Stuart (1999). Historical dictionary of the 1960s. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 281–282. ISBN 031329271X. http://books.google.com/?id=nwRR_VXxBM4C. Retrieved April 19, 2009. 
  18. ^ Francis X. Clines (11 December 2005). "Eugene J. McCarthy, Senate Dove Who Jolted '68 Race, Dies at 89". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/11/national/11mccarthy.html?_r=1. 
  19. ^ "White knight in a battle-bus". The Economist. 1 June 2006. http://www.economist.com/world/unitedstates/displaystory.cfm?story_id=7008750. 
  20. ^ "The Plight of The Doves". Time Magazine. 14 September 1970. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,902748,00.html. 
  21. ^ Matusow, Allen (1984). "The Vietnam War, the Liberals, and the Overthrow of LBJ". http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/readings/Matusow_VietnamWar.pdf. 
  22. ^ "Back in Time: At War with War". CNN. http://www-cgi.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1996/analysis/back.time/9605/20/. 
  23. ^ "Patsy T. Mink". Women in Congress. Office of the Clerk, U.S. Capitol, Room H154 - Washington, DC. http://womenincongress.house.gov/profiles/print.php?id=M000797. 
  24. ^ "FBI Investigated Wayne Morse Over Vietnam War Opposition; Johnson Allegedly Ordered Probe of Senator" (subscription required). The Washington Post. 17 July 1988. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1268276.html. 
  25. ^ Martin Tolchin (7 January 1994). "Thomas P. O'Neill Jr., a Democratic Power in the House for Decades, Dies at 81". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1209.html. 
  26. ^ Richard Severo (16 December 2005). "William Proxmire, Maverick Democratic Senator From Wisconsin, Is Dead at 90". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/16/national/16proxmire.html?pagewanted=print. 
  27. ^ Graeme Zielinski (15 January 2002). "Longtime Rep. Henry Reuss Dies; Wis. Democrat a Banking Expert" (fee required). The Washington Post. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/99640906.html?dids=99640906:99640906&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jan+15%2C+2002&author=Graeme+Zielinski&pub=The+Washington+Post&edition=&startpage=B.07&desc=Longtime+Rep.+Henry+Reuss+Dies%3B+Wis.+Democrat+a+Banking+Expert. "He also was a foe of the Communist-baiting Sen. Joseph R. McCarthy (R-Wis.); an early supporter of civil rights, conservation and congressional reform legislation; and a vocal opponent of the Vietnam War." 
  28. ^ "Strong Criticism Comes in Reaction to Bombing". The Virgin Islands Daily News. 22 December 1972. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jWwJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IEcDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6070,4237467&dq=donald-riegle+vietnam. 
  29. ^ Morgan, Joseph G. (1997). The Vietnam Lobby. UNC Press. p. 110. ISBN 0807823228. http://books.google.com/?id=awJwQ4qKhL0C. Retrieved April 19, 2009. 
  30. ^ Beito, David T; Beito, Linda Royster (21 August 2006). "The Christian Conservative Who Opposed the Vietnam War". History News Network. http://hnn.us/articles/28879.html. 
  31. ^ Carl Hulse (9 February 2003). "Threats and Responses: The Draft; A New Tactic Against War: Renew Talk About Draft". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/09/us/threats-and-responses-the-draft-a-new-tactic-against-war-renew-talk-about-draft.html. 
  32. ^ "Andrew Young". Encyclopædia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-9078051.